Castanea sativa
Sweet chestnut
C. sativa attains a height of 20–35 metres with a trunk often 2 m in diameter. Around 20 trees are recorded with diameters over 4 m including one 7.5 m in diameter at breast height. A famous ancient tree known as the Hundred Horse Chestnut in Sicily was historically recorded at 18 m in diameter (although it has split into multiple trunks above ground). The bark often has a net-shaped (retiform) pattern with deep furrows or fissures running spirally in both directions up the trunk. The trunk is mostly straight with branching starting at low heights. The oblong-lanceolate, boldly toothed leaves are 16–28 centimetres long and 5–9 cm broad.